diff --git a/.php-cs-fixer.dist.php b/.php-cs-fixer.dist.php
index 97b1078e..6ae08353 100644
--- a/.php-cs-fixer.dist.php
+++ b/.php-cs-fixer.dist.php
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ return (new Config())
         'no_unused_imports' => true,
         'no_whitespace_before_comma_in_array' => true,
         'object_operator_without_whitespace' => true,
+        'ordered_imports' => [
+            'imports_order' => ['class', 'function', 'const'],
+            'sort_algorithm' => 'alpha',
+        ],
         'single_quote' => true,
         'trailing_comma_in_multiline' => [
             'elements' => ['arrays'],
diff --git a/app/Exceptions/BizException.php b/app/Exceptions/BizException.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4d3520c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Exceptions/BizException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Exceptions;
+
+use Exception;
+
+class BizException extends Exception
+{
+    /**
+     * 用于响应的 HTTP 状态代码
+     *
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $status = 400;
+
+    /**
+     * 设置用于响应的 HTTP 状态代码
+     *
+     * @param int $status
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function status(int $status)
+    {
+        $this->status = $status;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 报告异常
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function report()
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Exceptions/Handler.php b/app/Exceptions/Handler.php
index 3ca4b345..0982dad3 100644
--- a/app/Exceptions/Handler.php
+++ b/app/Exceptions/Handler.php
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace App\Exceptions;
 
+use Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException;
 use Throwable;
 
 class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
@@ -34,8 +38,78 @@ class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
      */
     public function register()
     {
-        $this->reportable(function (Throwable $e) {
-            //
+        $this->map(ModelNotFoundException::class, function ($e) {
+            $resource = __($key = 'models.'.$e->getModel());
+
+            if ($key === $resource) {
+                $resource = str_ireplace(['App\\Models\\Admin\\', 'App\\Models\\'], '', $e->getModel());
+            }
+
+            return new HttpException(404, __(':resource not found', ['resource' => $resource]), $e);
+        });
+
+        $this->renderable(function (BizException $e, $request) {
+            if ($this->shouldReturnJson($request, $e)) {
+                return response()->json($this->convertExceptionToArray($e), $e->status);
+            }
+
+            if (! config('app.debug')) {
+                $e = new HttpException($e->status, $e->getMessage(), $e);
+            }
+
+            return $this->prepareResponse($request, $e);
         });
     }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    protected function unauthenticated($request, AuthenticationException $exception)
+    {
+        return $this->shouldReturnJson($request, $exception)
+                    ? response()->json([
+                        'errcode' => 401,
+                        'message' => $exception->getMessage(),
+                    ], 401)
+                    : redirect()->guest($exception->redirectTo() ?? route('login'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    protected function invalidJson($request, ValidationException $exception)
+    {
+        return response()->json([
+            'errcode' => 422,
+            'message' => $exception->getMessage(),
+            'errors' => $exception->errors(),
+        ], $exception->status);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    protected function convertExceptionToArray(Throwable $e)
+    {
+        return array_merge(
+            parent::convertExceptionToArray($e),
+            $this->isBizException($e) ? [
+                'errcode' => $e->getCode(),
+                'message' => $e->getMessage(),
+            ] : [
+                'errcode' => $this->isHttpException($e) ? $e->getStatusCode() : 500,
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 确认给定的异常是否是自定义业务异常
+     *
+     * @param Throwable $e
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function isBizException(Throwable $e): bool
+    {
+        return $e instanceof BizException;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/resources/lang/zh_CN.json b/resources/lang/zh_CN.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47363b12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/lang/zh_CN.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+    ":resource not found": ":resource 未找到"
+}
diff --git a/resources/lang/zh_CN/models.php b/resources/lang/zh_CN/models.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afd366a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/lang/zh_CN/models.php
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?php
+
+return [
+    // App\Models\User::class => '用户',
+];